全集 主演:谢琳·伍德蕾 本·门德尔森 拉尔夫·伊内森 约翰·艾德坡 马塞拉·伦茨·波普 萝丝玛丽·邓斯莫尔 迈克尔·克莱姆 达西·劳瑞 马克·卡马乔 亚瑟·霍尔顿 理查德·泽曼 杰森·卡弗利尔 杜桑恩·杜基齐 亚历克斯·格雷文施泰因 肖恩·塔克 鲍比·布朗 马克·安东尼·克鲁帕 乔安·哈特 李凯莉 马克·戴 海蒂·福斯 毛里齐奥·泰拉扎诺 麦莎·乌里
导演:唐纳德·托德
□if□eren□ph□losophic□ls□hoolshav□offere□v□□iousinter□ret□t□o□sofR□nZh□DeBenY□a□.InConfucianism,R□□isse□nas□ninherentqualitythatca□be□□ltivatedthr□ug□edu□ation□self-□iscip□ine,an□m□ra□pr□ct□ce.Mencius,apr□minentConf□cian□hinker,a□guedthath□manbeingsarebornw□thaninnatesen□eo□goodness,□hichca□be□urturedandde□□lopedth□ou□hprop□rgui□anceande□uca□ion.Xu□□i,anot□e□C□nfucianphil□s□pher,tookamo□□pessimisticview,suggestingthathumannatureisinheren□lyselfishandthatmora□v□rt□esmustb□i□□□se□th□oughstrictsocialnormsandinstitu□ions.□p□Diffe□e□t□hil□so□hicals□hools□□veofferedv□riousin□erpreta□i□□so□RenZha□eBe□Y□□n.InConfu□ian□□m,Renis□□enasaninher□ntqualityt□atcanbec□□tivate□thr□ughe□ucatio□,self-discipli□e,andmora□practi□e.Menc□us,apr□mi□en□Confucianthin□er,arguedthathuma□be□ngsarebornwith□ninn□te□□nseof□oodness,whichcanb□nur□uredanddevelope□throughpr□perg□idanceanded□□ation.Xunzi,anotherConfuc□anph□los□□her,tookamorepe□sim□□□icv□ew,s□□ge□t□ngthathu□a□natu□eisi□here□t□yself□sh□□dthatmora□vir□uesmustbeimpo□□□thr□ughstric□socia□no□ms□ndi□st□tutions.<□p>Differentp□i□osophic□lschoolsh□veoffere□variou□inter□retat□o□sofR□n□haDe□en□uan.InC□nf□cian□sm,Reni□seenasaninhe□entqualitythatcanbecu□tivatedt□roug□e□uca□ion□s□□f-d□s□i□line□andm□ra□practice.□□ncius,a□rom□nentConfucianth□nke□,argue□thathumanbeingsarebornw□thaninnatesenseofgoodness,wh□c□canben□rturedandd□vel□ped□hrou□□pr□pergu□d□nceandeduc□tion.Xunzi□□□otherConfuci□nphilos□□her,too□□mo□epes□imisticv□ew,s□ggesting□hathumannatureis□nherentlys□lfi□h□ndt□at□oralv□r□uesmu□tbe□mposedthroughstrictsocialnorm□a□□i□stitutions.
<□>Diff□rentph□losophi□a□school□h□ve□fferedvariou□interp□etationsofRen□haDeB□□Yuan□□nC□n□□cianism,Ren□s□eenasani□□erentq□ali□□t□a□ca□becultivatedt□rough□□ucat□on,self-disciplin□□an□moralpra□□ice□Mencius□ap□□minent□onfucianthin□er,a□□uedthathumanbein□□arebornwithaninnat□sen□eofgoodnes□,whichcanb□n□rtu□edandde□e□□pedthroughp□operguidancea□□□d□cation.Xu□□i,□notherCo□fuc□an□hilosopher,tookamorepessim□s□icview,□ugg□st□ngthathumann□tureis□nhe□entlyselfis□andt□atmoralvi□tuesmustbeimposedthr□ughs□rictso□ialno□msandi□stit□tions.□> ... 详情
D□ffe□□ntp□iloso□hicalscho□lshaveofferedvariousi□terpr□ta□ionsofR□n□h□DeBe□Yuan.InConfucianism,□enisseenasan□nheren□□uali□□thatcanb□cultivat□dthrougheducation,se□f-discipline,andmoralpra□tice.Men□□us,a□romi□entCo□fucianthink□r,argued□hathum□nbeingsarebornwit□aninnatesens□ofgoodness,whichcanben□rtu□e□anddeve□oped□hroughprope□guidanceandeducation.Xunzi,ano□□erConfuci□np□ilosopher,too□amor□pe□s□mist□□vie□,□uggestin□thathum□nnatur□isinhe□□n□lyse□□ish□ndth□tmoral□irt□□smust□eimpo□edthr□ughstri□□s□□ial□o□msand□nstituti□ns.
Differentp□i□osophic□lschoolsh□veoffere□variou□inter□retat□o□sofR□n□haDe□en□uan.InC□nf□cian□sm,Reni□seenasaninhe□entqualitythatcanbecu□tivatedt□roug□e□uca□ion□s□□f-d□s□i□line□andm□ra□practice.□□ncius,a□rom□nentConfucianth□nke□,argue□thathumanbeingsarebornw□thaninnatesenseofgoodness,wh□c□canben□rturedandd□vel□ped□hrou□□pr□pergu□d□nceandeduc□tion.Xunzi□□□otherConfuci□nphilos□□her,too□□mo□epes□imisticv□ew,s□ggesting□hathumannatureis□nherentlys□lfi□h□ndt□at□oralv□r□uesmu□tbe□mposedthroughstrictsocialnorm□a□□i□stitutions.
<□>Diff□rentph□losophi□a□school□h□ve□fferedvariou□interp□etationsofRen□haDeB□□Yuan□□nC□n□□cianism,Ren□s□eenasani□□erentq□ali□□t□a□ca□becultivatedt□rough□□ucat□on,self-disciplin□□an□moralpra□□ice□Mencius□ap□□minent□onfucianthin□er,a□□uedthathumanbein□□arebornwithaninnat□sen□eofgoodnes□,whichcanb□n□rtu□edandde□e□□pedthroughp□operguidancea□□□d□cation.Xu□□i,□notherCo□fuc□an□hilosopher,tookamorepessim□s□icview,□ugg□st□ngthathumann□tureis□nhe□entlyselfis□andt□atmoralvi□tuesmustbeimposedthr□ughs□rictso□ialno□msandi□stit□tions.□>